Lithium-Ion Electrode Scrap Recycling Line
Get personalized pricing for your specific requirements
- Manufacturer warranty included
- Calibration certificate on request
- Worldwide shipping and installation support
- Application specialists available before you buy
Lithium-Ion Electrode Scrap Recycling Line – ToronLi-ion™ ESR
The ToronLi-ion™ ESR lithium-ion electrode scrap recycling line recovers coated cathode and anode sheets, stacking scrap, and laminate offcuts, separating them into reusable copper foil, aluminum foil, and electrode powder. Its crushing, separation, and purification stages operate in a fully automated sequence with minimal manual handling. According to supplier data, the system achieves a recovery rate of more than 95% of reusable materials. Battery manufacturers can use this line to recover internal production scrap and return valuable materials to the supply chain instead of paying for coated foil disposal.
Unlike whole-cell recycling, electrode scrap processing focuses on separating the coating from the current collector. A polymer binder holds the electrode coating to the metal foil, making delamination rather than cell dismantling the primary recovery challenge. The ToronLi-ion™ ESR addresses this through staged mechanical processing combined with thermal treatment to break down the binder and remove residual organic matter. During crushing, copper and aluminum foils form granules instead of breaking down into powder, creating the particle size and density differences required for effective downstream separation.
The recovered electrode powder retains valuable metals from the original coating, including lithium, cobalt, and nickel, making it suitable for further hydrometallurgical extraction by refiners. Separately recovered copper and aluminum granules are ready for direct sale. A centralized PLC controls the entire processing sequence, reducing operator involvement while maintaining consistent performance across shifts. Automated operation also minimizes exposure to fine powder, supporting material purity and improved workplace conditions.
Lithium-Ion Electrode Scrap Recycling Line – ToronLi-ion™ ESR Applications
The ToronLi-ion™ ESR recycling line is designed for battery manufacturers producing coated electrode scrap and recycling facilities processing pole piece materials as a dedicated waste stream.
-
Battery Gigafactory Production Scrap: Recovers coated foil rejected during coating, calendering, and slitting operations, allowing valuable materials to reenter the supply chain rather than being discarded.
-
Electrode Coating Line Rejects: Processes off-spec electrode sheets generated during production startup, coating defects, and routine material changeovers.
-
Cathode Sheet Recovery: Separates aluminum current collectors from cathode coatings, recovering both the metal foil and metal-bearing powder fraction.
-
Anode Sheet Recovery: Separates copper foil from graphite coating to produce clean copper granules and recovered anode material.
-
Stacking and Laminating Scrap: Processes laminate trimming waste and stacking offcuts with electrode coating on both surfaces.
-
Slitting and Calendering Offcuts: Handles narrow edge trimmings and roll ends generated throughout electrode converting operations.
-
Cathode Material Producers: Supports internal material recovery by returning off-spec coated electrode material to the powder supply.
-
Copper Foil Recovery: Produces coating-free granulated copper suitable for direct sale to metal buyers.
-
Aluminum Foil Recovery: Processes coated aluminum current collectors into clean granules through the same recovery process.
-
Black Powder Supply to Refiners: Produces screened electrode powder with consistent particle sizes for subsequent hydrometallurgical processing.
-
Pilot Line and R&D Scrap: Handles small-volume development materials with varying coating chemistries between production batches.
-
Contract Electrode Manufacturers: Provides recycling capabilities for electrode scrap generated across multiple customer production programs.
Lithium-Ion Electrode Scrap Recycling Line – ToronLi-ion™ ESR Key Features
The ToronLi-ion™ ESR combines multi-stage crushing, thermal binder removal, and three distinct separation principles. Individual processing modules can be configured according to the electrode chemistry and scrap volume at the installation site.
-
Recovery Above 95 Percent: Supplier data indicates that more than 95% of the input material is recovered as reusable output across the combined product streams.
-
Fully Automated Sequence: Automated processing requires minimal manual intervention, helping reduce labor costs and limit operator exposure to fine powder.
-
Precision Electrode Crushing: Crushing mechanisms are designed specifically for coated electrode sheets rather than general scrap, preserving foil integrity while releasing the electrode coating.
-
Coating Stripping Fine Crusher: Extended material residence inside the crushing chamber removes powder from pole pieces and converts copper and aluminum foil into granules.
-
Sealed Four-Shaft Crushing Chamber: The box-shaped chamber features four-fold sealing and supports nitrogen filling to reduce ignition risks when processing reactive materials.
-
Low-Speed High-Torque Drive: Slow shaft rotation combined with high torque cuts coated electrode sheets quietly while minimizing the heat buildup associated with faster cutting systems.
-
Automatic Reverse and Overload Protection: PLC-controlled starting, stopping, reversing, and overload protection help clear material blockages without requiring the cutting chamber to be opened.
-
Controlled Drying Stage: Operating temperatures between 100 and 150°C remove organic matter without damaging the film material required for subsequent separation.
-
Low-Temperature Cracking Furnace: Processing temperatures between 450 and 600°C decompose polymer binders and residual organic compounds, improving recovered powder quality.
-
Three-Stage Exhaust Treatment: Catalytic combustion, alkali washing and spraying, and activated carbon polishing treat exhaust gases to meet emission requirements.
-
Static and Dynamic Screening Combined: Linear screens, circular vibrating screens, and airflow sorting screens work together to achieve thorough powder separation.
-
Air Sorting at 99 Percent: Airflow classification separates lightweight materials from heavier fractions with a supplier-reported separation ratio of 99%.
-
Gravity Sorting at 99 Percent: Specific gravity screening separates copper granules from aluminum granules with a supplier-reported sorting ratio of 99%.
-
Siemens PLC Central Control: A centralized Siemens PLC program controls the complete process. Ethernet, MODBUS TCP/IP, OPC, PROFINET, and DP interfaces are provided for DCS integration.
-
Branded Electrical Components: Electrical control cabinets feature ABB, Schneider, and Siemens components, supporting parts availability and convenient servicing.
-
Reduced Environmental Load: Recycling coated electrode foil reduces battery manufacturing waste sent for disposal while returning valuable metal materials to production.
Theory and Method
Lithium-ion electrode scrap recycling primarily involves separating the electrode coating from its metal current collector. The coating consists of particulate material bonded to the foil surface by a polymer binder, typically polyvinylidene fluoride on the cathode side. This bonding makes conventional crushing insufficient because the underlying foil deforms instead of fracturing. The ToronLi-ion™ ESR combines mechanical processing and thermal treatment to overcome this challenge. Heat decomposes the binder and weakens its bonding strength, while repeated crushing applies shear forces that remove the loosened coating from the metal surface.
The different physical properties of the foil and coating enable subsequent separation. Copper and aluminum are ductile metals that tear into curled granules during crushing rather than becoming fine powder. Electrode coatings, in contrast, are brittle and break down into fine particles. This produces two material fractions with significantly different particle sizes, allowing screening equipment to separate electrode powder from metal granules. Extended residence time inside the fine crusher further removes residual coating while shaping the metal granules into their final form.
The final metal separation stage uses differences in material density. Copper has a specific gravity of approximately 8.96 g/cm³, compared with approximately 2.70 g/cm³ for aluminum. This substantial difference makes gravity-based separation effective. During specific gravity sieving, the granule bed becomes fluidized, allowing denser copper particles to move downward and separate from aluminum through stratification. The supplier-reported sorting ratio for this process is 99%. Air classification handles the lighter material fractions, separating film and other low-density residues with a reported separation ratio of 99%.
Lithium-Ion Electrode Scrap Recycling Line - ToronLi-ion™ ESR Technical Specifications
System Overview
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| System Type | Automated crushing, thermal treatment, and sorting line for lithium battery electrode scrap |
| Processable Feedstock | Cathode and anode electrode plates, pole pieces, stacking and laminate scrap, coated foil offcuts |
| Output Materials | Electrode powder, copper granules, aluminum granules, separated film material |
| Recovered Metal Content | Electrode powder carrying lithium, cobalt, and nickel for downstream refining |
| Material Recovery Rate | Over 95 percent of reusable material (supplier stated) |
| Crushing Chamber Sealing | Four-fold tightness, suitable for nitrogen filling |
| Drying Temperature | 100 to 150 °C |
| Cracking Furnace Temperature | 450 to 600 °C |
| Air Sorting Ratio | 99 percent (supplier stated) |
| Gravity Sorting Ratio | 99 percent (supplier stated) |
| Control System | Siemens PLC with central control cabinet |
| Communication Interfaces | Ethernet with independent IP address, MODBUS TCP/IP, OPC, PROFINET, DP |
| Electrical Components | ABB, Schneider, Siemens |
| Automation Level | Fully automated process with minimal manual intervention |
| Layout | Modular, floor space customized to the site |
Machine Line-Up
The recycling line consists of the following processing modules. Each section outlines the module's function, operating principle, and available technical parameters.
1. Feeding System
 |
Electrode scrap is loaded onto the infeed conveyor and delivered to the crushing stage at a regulated feed rate. Consistent material feeding keeps the crusher operating within its designated torque range and prevents sudden overloads caused by dense bundles of stacked electrode sheets. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Meters electrode scrap into the crushing system at a controlled rate |
| Feed Material | Loose sheet, stacked laminate, roll ends, and trim |
| Discharge | Direct into crushing chamber |
| Configuration | Sized to line throughput and scrap format |
2. Crushing System
 |
The coarse crusher is a four-shaft shredder specifically designed for lithium-ion battery processing. Its enclosed box-shaped housing features four-fold sealing, allowing the crushing chamber to be filled with nitrogen to reduce oxygen levels around the cutting area and minimize ignition risks when processing charged cells. Batteries and modules are rapidly reduced into flake material. Microcomputer-based controls automatically manage startup, shutdown, reverse operation, and overload protection. The drive system operates at low speed with high torque, ensuring efficient size reduction with minimal noise. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Primary size reduction of electrode plates and laminate into flake material |
| Rotor Configuration | Four-shaft shredder |
| Chamber Sealing | Four-fold tightness, suitable for nitrogen filling |
| Atmosphere Control | Gas protection design available |
| Safety Provision | Multi-level protection measures against fire risk |
| Drive Characteristics | Low speed, high torque, low noise |
| Control Functions | Automatic start, stop, reverse, and overload reverse |
| Electrical Control | Designed to align with European CE requirements (certificate number not supplied) |
| Output Form | Flake material for downstream treatment |
3. Drying System
 |
Crushed material undergoes controlled drying at temperatures between 100 and 150°C. During this stage, organic compounds volatilize and are subsequently condensed for recovery. The operating temperature remains below the decomposition threshold of the film material, preserving its integrity for effective separation in the downstream processing stages. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Volatilization and recovery of organic matter from crushed material |
| Operating Temperature | 100 to 150 °C |
| Recovery Method | Condensation of volatilized organics |
| Film Condition | Film material remains undamaged at this temperature |
| Process Purpose | Prepares material for sorting and reduces load on the exhaust system |
4. Cracking and Pyrolysis System
 |
The cracking furnace uses low-temperature pyrolysis at operating temperatures between 450 and 600°C. This process decomposes residual organic matter and impurities in the crushed battery material, including the polymer binder that bonds the electrode coating to the current collector foil. Removing these substances improves the purity of the black powder recovered during subsequent processing stages. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Thermal decomposition of binder, organic matter, and residual impurities |
| Furnace Temperature | 450 to 600 °C |
| Process Type | Low-temperature cracking |
| Target Material | Polymer binder and organic impurities in crushed electrode material |
| Process Benefit | Raises the quality of recovered electrode powder |
5. Exhaust Gas Treatment System
Exhaust gases generated during drying and cracking are processed through a three-stage treatment system. Catalytic combustion breaks down combustible organic compounds, followed by alkali washing and spraying to neutralize acidic and other harmful components. Activated carbon provides final gas purification before the treated stream is discharged.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Removal of harmful substances from process exhaust gas |
| Stage 1 | Catalytic combustion |
| Stage 2 | Alkali washing and spraying |
| Stage 3 | Activated carbon purification |
| Discharge Condition | Treated to meet applicable emission requirements |
6. Secondary Crusher
 |
A high-speed, single-shaft hammer crusher performs the intermediate size-reduction stage. Its hammer mechanism breaks down bulk material remaining after thermal treatment, preparing the processed stream for specific gravity separation of heavier components, including steel shells and pole lugs. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Intermediate size reduction after thermal treatment |
| Crusher Type | High-speed single-shaft hammer crusher |
| Target Material | Bulk material remaining in the process stream |
| Process Purpose | Prepares heavy fractions for gravity sorting |
7. Fine Crusher
 |
The fine crusher completes the separation of electrode coating from the metal foil. Material remains inside the crushing chamber for an extended processing period instead of passing through immediately. Repeated mechanical action strips black powder from the pole pieces while converting copper and aluminum foils into granules. This granulation process creates the material characteristics needed for effective separation of copper and aluminum during the subsequent sorting stage. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Stripping of coating from electrode foil and granulation of current collectors |
| Residence Behavior | Extended retention in the crushing cavity |
| Output Form | Copper granules, aluminum granules, liberated electrode powder |
| Process Purpose | Enables clean copper and aluminum separation downstream |
8. Screening System
 |
The screening system uses multiple types of equipment selected according to the processing route, including linear screens, circular vibrating screens, swing screens, and airflow sorting screens. These machines combine static and dynamic screening methods to thoroughly separate black powder from the material through multiple stages rather than relying on a single screening pass. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Separation of electrode powder from granule and coarse fractions |
| Screen Types | Linear screen, circular vibrating screen, airflow sorting screen |
| Screening Method | Combined static and dynamic screening |
| Selection Basis | Screen type chosen according to the process route |
| Process Benefit | Raises the recovery rate of electrode powder |
9. Air Sorting System
 |
The air sorting system uses a controlled airflow to separate materials according to their weight and density. Lightweight particles are carried along by the airstream, while heavier particles resist the airflow and fall downward. This process separates film and other low-density residues from the metal granules. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Separation of light material from heavy material |
| Working Principle | Airflow direction and terminal velocity difference |
| Separation Ratio | 99 percent (supplier stated) |
| Light Fraction | Film material and low-density residue |
| Heavy Fraction | Copper and aluminum granules |
10. Gravity Sorting System
 |
Gravity separation performs the final metal sorting stage. First, residual black powder is screened out of the copper and aluminum granules. The remaining metal fractions then pass through a specific gravity sieving machine, which separates copper from aluminum based on their difference in density. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Separation of copper granules from aluminum granules |
| Working Principle | Specific gravity difference under sieving action |
| Preliminary Step | Sieving of residual black powder from the granule stream |
| Sorting Ratio | 99 percent (supplier stated) |
| Output Fractions | Copper granules, aluminum granules, recovered black powder |
11. Central Control System
 |
Electrical systems throughout the entire processing line are managed by a Siemens PLC program. The controller includes an Ethernet port with an independent IP address and supports MODBUS TCP/IP, OPC, and PROFINET protocols, along with a DP communication interface. These connectivity options enable integration with the plant's DCS and provide the corresponding variable table. Electrical control cabinets feature ABB, Schneider, and Siemens components. |
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Function | Process sequence control, monitoring, and plant integration |
| Controller | Siemens PLC |
| Network Interface | Ethernet port with independent IP address |
| Supported Protocols | MODBUS TCP/IP, OPC, PROFINET, DP |
| Plant Integration | DCS communication with variable table provided |
| Component Brands | ABB, Schneider, Siemens |
| Cable Management | Cable trays laid according to site requirements |
| Operation | Centralized automatic control across all modules |
Important Delivery Information
Delivery time varies upon stock availability. Our standard dispatch and shipping times are generally within 1 week, however for some high demand items the delivery may be extended to 2-3 weeks.
Need it urgently? Contact us here to check stock and organize faster shipping.
Orders:
Purchaser acknowledges that when placing an order on the Torontech:
A. the placing of the order signifies the purchaser's assent to place said order at the Torontech and that the order will be accepted by the successful processing of the order by Torontech WorldWide LC.
B. the purchaser typing their name when requested to do so by the Torontech constitutes a signature to contract
C. the purchaser has the full authority to enter into the contract for such entity, and such grant of authority was indicated by purchaser by placement of the order through the Torontech.
D. A minimum handling fee will be applied to the shipping total for all orders.
Shipping within the U.S.A.:
All orders will be shipped best way prepaid, via courier for smaller packages or via Freight forwarders for larger crates. A handling fee may be applicable to orders. Title to merchandise transfers to the purchaser upon delivery to the carrier. Loss or damage in transit is the responsibility of the purchaser. Torontech WorldWide will provide assistance with information needed for processing claims.
Shipping outside of the U.S.A.:
All orders will be shipped best way, via courier for smaller packages or via Freight forwarders for larger crates. A low handling fee may be applicable. Title to merchandise transfers to the purchaser upon delivery to the carrier. Loss or damage in transit is the responsibility of the purchaser. Torontech WorldWide will provide assistance with information needed for processing claims. Export fees, duties, taxes, and customs clearance are the responsibility of the purchaser.
Shipping insurance is not included, please contact our sales representatives if you need shipping insurance.
Partial shipment: Torontech WorldWide reserves the right to make partial shipments unless otherwise instructed by the purchaser.
Payment terms: All payments to Torontech WorldWide are to be made in U.S. Dollars (USD)
A. Credit Card - Torontech WorldWide will accept Visa, Master Card, AMEX or Discover. Required information from the purchaser is the credit card number, 3 digit security code, expiration date, card holder's name (exactly as it appears on the card), billing address, and valid telephone number for us to use in case of difficulty. Torontech WorldWide reserves the right to delay shipment pending verification of credit card validity.
B. Wire Transfer - Transfer must be made to Torontech and confirmed for the full purchase amount (merchandise, handling and shipping) prior to shipment. Please contact us by phone at 1.877.884.TEST (8378)(outside U.S. +1.905.944.9825) or by fax at +1.954.697.8211 for bank information.
C. Open Account - Available to U.S.A. and Canadian customers only. Terms on open accounts are Net 30 days from date of shipment. Torontech WorldWide reserves the right to refuse shipment of new orders if any unpaid invoices are older than 30 days. Purchasers may apply for an open account by providing:
their bank information
3 credit references from other suppliers
Please allow 5 business days for confirmation of credit and creation of an open account.
Return Policy:
Torontech WorldWide may accept return of purchased merchandise within North America for refund or credit under the following conditions -
- There may be an additional restocking fee charged to the transaction if items are already shipped to customer.
- Goods must be returned to Torontech WorldWide within 5 days of the date of the receipt of the purchased goods.
- All freight, duties, customs, and other related shipping charges for the returned merchandise are borne by the purchaser. Shipments made freight collect will be refused.
- Merchandise must be returned properly packaged in brand new, salable condition, along with original packaging and all documentation, accessories and certificates.
- Purchaser has confirmed return authorization directly with Torontech.
- Merchandise is regular catalog item. Special order items can not be returned.
- All returned merchandise is subject to inspection by Torontech. Torontech reserves the right to refuse return of any merchandise that is used, damaged, or not part of the current published price list. In the case Torontech does not accept the returned merchandise, reasonable attempts will be made to notify the Buyer and the merchandise will be returned to Buyer as they were received by Torontech. Damaged merchandise that can be restored to original condition and thus accepted for return will be evaluated on an individual basis. The purchaser will be advised of additional expenses for the repair and restoration of the returned item. After approval, these expenses will be charged to the purchaser in addition to the restocking fee.
Change of Terms:
The acceptance of any order by Torontech WorldWide is subject to purchaser's assent to all of the terms and conditions set forth herein. Purchaser's assent to these terms and conditions shall be presumed from the purchaser's placement of an order through the Torontech. Any and all other terms and conditions are expressly rejected, and no addition or modification of terms and conditions shall be binding without the prior agreement of Torontech WorldWide in writing.
Complete Agreement:
The terms and conditions in the Torontech web site, incorporated herein by reference, including forms, acknowledgements, quotations, invoices and sales terms and conditions constitute the entire and exclusive agreement between the purchaser and Torontech WorldWide
Information:
Torontech Inc makes every effort to insure the accuracy of the product information displayed on its web sites, but makes no warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy of the data portrayed on the web sites. Torontech Inc reserves the right to change product information, including pricing information at any time without notice.
Trademarks and Copyrights:
The WorldofTest.com Torontech contains trademarked product names. Product names are not to be reproduced or used in any fashion by any party other than Torontech without the express written consent of Torontech International Inc.. All pictures, descriptions, and other content of this web site are copyrighted by Torontech Inc and may not be used without the express written permission of Torontech Inc. Purchaser acknowledges that they have no right, title, or interest in the trademarks or copyrights in the products, and purchaser covenants that it will take no action to register or otherwise interfere with such rights. Please contact us with any requests for permission or questions about our trademarks.
Warranty Disclaimer:
No warranty or affirmation of fact, express or implied, other than expressly set forth herein is made or authorized by Torontech Inc. Torontech Inc disclaims any and all liability for product defect claims. Torontech Inc does not express or imply a warranty that any product on the web site(s) is fit for a particular purpose. Torontech Inc honors the product warranty as published and made available by Torontech Inc. Warranty claims for products not manufactured by Torontech are the responsibility of the manufacturer. Torontech Inc will always make its best good faith effort to resolve warranty claims.
Force Majeure:
Torontech Inc shall not be liable for any delay in or impairment of performance resulting in whole or in part from Acts of God, service interruptions, labor disruptions, insurrections, governmental decrees or controls, war risks, severe weather, supplies or raw materials, inability to procure or ship products, inability to obtain permits and/or licenses, or any other circumstances or causes beyond the control of Torontech Inc in the conduct of its business.
Torontech Inc Privacy Policy
I. What legal provisions govern our data processing practices? How and from where (internal/external sources) is personal data acquired? What are the rights of the user (web site visitor/registered customer)?
1. General
As a general principle, no personal details need to be provided when visiting our Internet site. Data made available to us by you is treated in strict confidence and in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Data Protection Act. With a few exceptions (see point 2 below), our web server only registers non-personal (anonymous) data concerning the use of our site. Specifically, the log files of our web server, as a general rule, only contain the user's IP address, the last page visited by the user, the browser used, date, time and the file requested. This anonymous data, however, does not permit conclusions to be drawn about the individual users, and merely serves to prepare statistics on the use of our Internet site for the purpose of its improvement. At the same time, great importance is placed on ensuring that usage data is not linked with personal data.
2. Personal data
Person-related data (personal data) is only used if the newsletter is ordered (by email), product(s) is (are) ordered, or to supply product information. We undertake to use the personal data entrusted to us only for the purposes stated. Purchase history is retained for assistance with future customer needs.
II. What security measures are used to protect personal data? What are the user's options for processing personal data?
3. Technical measures
Databases are optimally protected against third party access, loss, misuse and falsification through the use of appropriate technical means. In order to determine the popularity of individual topic areas, cookies are used in those sections. These text files are stored on your hard disk and facilitate your use of our Internet site. Thanks to these cookies, there is no need for specific registration each time you visit a section requiring registration, and we can supply you with the personalized contents you request.
It is for you to decide whether you want to work with cookies and, if so, which kind (permanently stored on the hard disk or only placed for the time of the browser activity). However, we draw your attention to the fact that access to fields requiring registration is only possible with activated cookies.
III. What data is communicated to third parties and for what purposes?
4. Communication of personal data
Personal data entrusted to us by you is not communicated, leased or sold to third parties.
IV. Which department answers questions about the processing of personal data?
5. Contact
In the light of the rapid technical developments in connection with the Internet, we make every effort to constantly improve our Internet site and technical precautions, including those connected with data protection. We will keep you suitably informed about such measures. Any changes will be published here. Further information is available at any time by contacting Torontech Inc.
Disclaimer of liability Torontech Inc shall not be liable for direct, indirect or consequential losses resulting from or in connection with access to, use of or queries to the Torontech web site or its links with other web sites, even if Torontech Inc has previously been informed of the possibility of such losses. No guarantee is provided as to the accuracy of the information disseminated via the Torontech Inc web site. In addition, Torontech Inc guarantees neither the reliability nor the completeness of the information contained on its web site. The information made available on the Torontech and WorldofTest.com web site may be amended at any time without prior notice. In particular, Torontech Inc shall not be liable for losses caused by transmission errors, technical faults and interruptions, breakdowns or an unlawful interference with the user's data processing system or the generally accessible systems and transmission networks. Nor shall Torontech Inc be liable for losses resulting from breakdowns, interruptions or overloads occurring to any data processing systems. If certain links are activated on the Torontech and WorldofTest.com web site, the user may under certain circumstances leave the Torontech web site. Torontech Inc assumes no responsibility for the contents, products or services offered or other information or offers contained on these linked web sites.
